Common Expressions and Greetings

What is the proper Jewish thing to say when someone tells you she's pregnant? How do you wish someone a happy holiday in Hebrew? Below are some common Jewish phrases and expressions to answer these questions and more.

Sabbath-Related Greetings

Shabbat Shalom (shah-BAHT shah-LOHM)

Hebrew. Literally, sabbath peace or peaceful sabbath. This is an appropriate greeting at any time on shabbat, although it is most commonly used at the end of a shabbat service.

 

Gut Shabbes (GUT SHAH-biss; gut rhymes with put)

Yiddish. Literally, good Sabbath. Like shabbat shalom, this is a general, all-purpose shabbat greeting. In my experience, gut shabbes is more likely to be used in general conversation or when greeting people, while shabbat shalom is more commonly used at the conclusion of a service.

 

Shavua Tov (shah-VOO-ah TOHV)

Hebrew. Literally, good week. This greeting is used after Havdalah (the ceremony marking the conclusion of shabbat), to wish someone a good forthcoming week.

Holiday Greetings

Chag Sameach (KHAHG sah-MEHY-ahkh)

Hebrew. Literally, joyous festival. This is an appropriate greeting for just about any holiday, but it's especially appropriate for Sukkot, Shavu'ot and Pesach (Passover), which are technically the only festivals (the other holidays are holidays, not festivals).

 

L'Shanah Tovah (li-SHAH-nuh TOH-vuh; li-shah-NAH toh-VAH)

Hebrew. Lit. for a good year. A common greeting during Rosh Hashanah and Days of Awe. It is an abbreviation of L'shanah tovah tikatev v'taihatem (May you be inscribed and sealed for a good year).

 

Have an easy fast

This is the proper way to wish someone well for Yom Kippur. Please, don't wish people a Happy Yom Kippur; it's not a happy holiday.

Other Expressions

Mazel Tov (MAH-zl TAWV)

Yiddish/Hebrew. Literally, good luck. This is the traditional way of expressing congratulations. "Mazel tov!" is the correct and traditional response upon hearing that a person has gotten engaged or married, has had a child, or has become a bar mitzvah. It can be used to congratulate someone for getting a new job, graduating from college, or any other happy event. Note that this term is not be used in the way that the expression "good luck" is used in English; that is, it should not be used to wish someone luck in the future. Rather, it is an expression of pleasure at the good fortune someone has already had.

L'Chaim (li-KHAY-eem)

Yiddish/Hebrew. Literally, to life. The toast you offer before drinking wine or other alcoholic beverages, used the way you would use "Cheers!" in English.